Natural Mosquito Repellents

When I was pregnant, I wanted to avoid using toxic chemical insect repellents, yet the mosquitoes seemed to find me tastier than ever. My solution at that time was to wear what I called my DEET sheet, which was an old cotton sheet that had been sprayed with S.C. Johnsons Off! Deep Woods formula. While this was highly effective, it wasnt practical for use around kids, so I did research into safer, natural mosquito repellents. I learned that many so-called natural mosquito repellents dont repel mosquitoes (e.g., ultrasonic electronic devices), but some are backed by reputable research and really work. Key Takeaways The two ways to repel mosquitoes are to attract them away from you or to repel them directly.Mosquitoes are often repelled by plant essential oils, especially lemon eucalyptus oil.Even the best repellent may be compromised by a reaction with sunscreen, dilution in water, absorption into the skin, or evaporation into the air. Its important to re-apply repellent to maintain its effectiveness. Mosquitoes have complex methods of detecting hosts and different types of mosquitoes react to different stimuli. Most mosquitoes are active at dawn and dusk, but there are also mosquitoes that seek hosts during the day. You can avoid being bitten by making sure you arent attracting mosquitoes, using attractants to lure mosquitoes elsewhere, using a repellent, and avoiding actions that diminish the effectiveness of the repellent. Mosquito Attractants Use this list of items and activities that attract mosquitoes as a list of things to avoid or that can be used as bait to lure mosquitoes away from you. Dark ClothingMany mosquitoes use vision to locate hosts from a distance. Dark clothes and foliage are initial attractants.Carbon DioxideYou give off more carbon dioxide when you are hot or have been exercising. A burning candle or other fire is another source of carbon dioxide.Lactic AcidYou release more lactic acid when you have been exercising or after eating certain foods (e.g., salty foods, high-potassium foods).Floral or Fruity FragrancesIn addition to perfumes, hair products, and scented sunscreens, watch for the subtle floral fragrance from fabric softeners and dryer sheets.Skin TemperatureThe exact temperature depends on the type of mosquito. Many mosquitoes are attracted to the slightly cooler temperatures of the extremities.MoistureMosquitoes are attracted by perspiration because of the chemicals it contains and also because it increases the humidity around your body. Even small amounts of water (e.g., moist plants or mud puddles) will draw mosquitoes. Standing water also a llows mosquitoes to reproduce.Blood TypePerson with type O blood are more attractive to mosquitoes than those with A, B, or AB blood. This blood type is rare, but if you have a friend or family member with type O blood, mosquitoes (and the Red Cross) like them better than they like you. Natural Mosquito Repellents Its very easy to make your own natural mosquito repellent. These natural products will effectively repel mosquitoes, but they require more frequent reapplication (at least every 2 hours) and higher concentrations than DEET. Because of the differences between types of mosquitoes, products that contain multiple repellents tend to be more effective than those containing a single ingredient. As you can see, natural repellents tend to be volatile plant oils. Citronella OilLemon Eucalyptus OilCinnamon OilCastor OilRosemary OilLemongrass OilCedar OilPeppermint OilClove OilGeranium OilCatnip OilTobaccoNeem OilBirch Tree BarkPossibly Oils from Verbena, Pennyroyal, Lavender, Pine, Cajeput, Basil, Thyme, Allspice, Soybean, and Garlic Another plant-derived substance, pyrethrum, is an insecticide. Pyrethrum comes from the flowers of the daisy Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium. Things that Lower Repellent Effectiveness Despite your best efforts, you may be unintentionally sabotaging your repellents effectiveness. Mosquito repellent doesnt play nicely with: Many SunscreensDilution From Rain, Perspiration, or SwimmingAbsorption Into the SkinEvaporation From Wind or High Temperatures Keep in mind that natural does not automatically imply safe. Many people are sensitive to plant oils. Some natural insect repellents are actually toxic. Therefore, although natural repellents provide an alternative to synthetic chemicals, please remember to follow the manufacturers instructions when using these products. Source M. S. Fradin; J. F. Day (2002). Comparative Efficacy of Insect Repellents against Mosquito Bites. N Engl J Med. 347 (1): 13–18. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa011699

Essay on Morals in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales - 741 Words

Morals in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales When Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, he had certain morals in mind. Chaucer usually dealt with one of the seven ?deadly? sins as well. The humorous Miller?s Tale is no exception. The Story is about a carpenter who marries a young beautiful woman who is much younger than him. The moral of the story is revealed in the second paragraph, when Chaucer, through the voice of the miller, notes of the carpenter, ?Being ignorant, he did not know of Cato?s advice that a man should marry a woman similar to him?. He goes on to say, ?Men should wed their contemporaries, for youth and age are often at odds?. Through his tale, Chaucer will demonstrate the truth in this moral. The carpenter is†¦show more content†¦The other was a parish clerk at the church named Absalom. The lust is the key issue here. It is one of the seven deadly sins and the one dealt with in this story. The other men lust after the carpenter?s wife and it brings trouble. In keeping with the moral of simil ar age marrying similar age, the young and flirtatious wife decides to have an affair with Nicholas. This illustrates how foolish the old carpenter was to think he could keep tabs on a young beauty like his wife. So Nicholas comes up with a plan to trick the carpenter and allow him to sleep with his wife. Nicholas tells the carpenter that a great flood is coming, and that to save his wife and himself (as well as Nicholas), he needed to prepare large tubs with supplies and stash them on the roof. Nicholas then proposed that the three of them get on the roof with their vessels on the night of the great flood so they could be saved. The carpenter prepared the tubs as Nicholas had suggested. On the night of the ?flood?, the three of them get on the roof as planned. The Carpenter falls asleep, and then Nicholas and the carpenter?s wife sneak down into the bedroom and make love. Later that night, Absalom comes to the window and tries to woo the carpenter?s wife by proclaiming his undying love for her. The carpenter?s wife tells him to go away, but he is relentless. Finally, she concedes to give him a ?kiss?. She tellsShow MoreRelatedChildrens Versions of The Cantebury Tales1465 Words   |  6 PagesBeing a work filled with an unprecedented â€Å"wealth of fascinating characters†, Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales has been translated and retold in many versions over the years (Cohen 7-8). Unavoidably translations and retelling require choices made by writers and editors of how to represent things and what to include, which can easily change aspects of the original story. The most difficult retellings may be versions written for children as writers not only have to deal with modernizing the languageRead MoreAnalysis Of The General Prologue To The Canterbury Tales Essays1044 Words   |  5 Pagesthe lowest order was involved in this practice. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the most important writers in English literature, was the author of The Canterbury Tales, an elaborate poem about the religious pilgrimage of twenty nine people to Canterbury. In the General Prologue Chaucer introduces each individual along for the journey. Through The Canterbury Tales, we discover the hypocrisy and virtues Chaucer narrates in his characters and can appreciate the nuances in this superior piece of literatureRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales : An Analysis Of Medieval Life By Geoffrey Chaucer939 Words   |  4 PagesCanterbury Tales: An Analysis of Medieval Life by Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales is strongly considered one of the greatest works in medieval literature. An admirer of Chaucer, and the author of Chaucer and the Fifteenth Century, H.S. Bennett describes Chaucer’s unique style as, â€Å"No detail was too small for him to observe, and from it he could frequently draw, or suggest, conclusions which would have escaped many.† While The Canterbury Tales was originally intended to be an epic poemRead MoreEssay on Chaucers The Canterbury Tales927 Words   |  4 PagesChaucers The Canterbury Tales In The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer comments on moral corruption within the Roman Catholic Church. He criticizes many high-ranking members of the Church and describes a lack of morality in medieval society; yet in the â€Å"Retraction,† Chaucer recants much of his work and pledges to be true to Christianity. Seemingly opposite views exist within the â€Å"Retraction† and The Canterbury Tales. However, this contradiction does not weaken Chaucer’s social commentary.Read MoreThe English Church Exposed in Canterbury Tales Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesvanish because of multiple reasons. And Geoffrey Chaucer’s greatest work, the Canterbury Tales, can be a good evidence of the profligacy and immorality of the England Church at that time. In this magnificent piece of English literature, Chaucer expresses both his disappointment and admiration for the England Church through many different Church pilgrims form high social class to common people. By his desc ription about the living qualities and moral standards of the various Church people, we can seeRead MoreEssay on Chaucers: The Pardoners Corruption Tale866 Words   |  4 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales bursts its way into the literary world, and quickly made its mark as one of the early English masterpieces. Its poetic verses often disguised the disdain that Chaucer possessed for the hypocritical behaviors that were (and in many ways still are) present with the religious leaders. Throughout this lyrical writing, Chaucer tackles the opulent monk, the corrupt friar, and the flirtatious nun. However, the Pardoner is one of Geoffrey Chaucers more difficult charactersRead More Passive Women in Chaucers Canterbury Tales? Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesPassive Women in Chaucers Canterbury Tales? One argument that reigns supreme when considering Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is whether or not there is an element of anti-feminism within the text. One thread that goes along with this is whether or not the women of The Canterbury Tales are passive within the tales told. This essay will explore the idea that the women found within the tales told by the pilgrims (The Knight’s Tale, The Miller’s Tale and The Wife of Bath’s Tale to name a few) areRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pages The Canterbury Tales is a set of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the fourteenth century. The stories were told by a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury Cathedral, in hopes to see a shrine of Saint Thomas Becket. To make time go by the host recommended each pilgrim tell a tale. The tale that each character gives, reveals that person’s background and life. Some pilgrims matched their stereotype of that time but m ost do not. The Prioress, Madame Eglentyne, and Wife of Bath, Allison, areRead MoreAnalysis Of Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales 1161 Words   |  5 Pagesmade to an original source are very potent cues as to authorial intention. In composing The Canterbury Tales, there is a broad diversity of tales told by a wide range of narrators. This indicates that Chaucer likely used a wide variety of sources. The alterations made by Chaucer to the source material for the Clerk’s Tale, including Boccaccio’s Decameron X, or â€Å"The Story of Griselda,† indicate Chaucer’s motive to examine issues such as marriage as was found in Renaissance Italy, and to exploreRead More Character Rank In Society in The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Canterbury Tales can be understood as a Chaucerian satire according many readers. Chaucer sets out to deliberately upset the social order present at that time and to mock the faults present in the characters. Although he baffles about the complexity of the characters, Chaucer also praises and condemns characters for their unique qualities. Chaucer further gives us feedback of what actions the characters are taking in their lives. Many of the pilgrims are headed off to Canterbury, to worship

Managerial Role free essay sample

Even though the employees are the prime workers in any organisations managers have to manage their employees and even he has to manage the external atmosphere at and around the organisation to run the organisation in an admirable path and their by achieving the predetermined goals. Here I would like to present the manager’s job in an organisation with an example of an interview and with my research work. I took an interview from a manager of software Solutions Company a small scale information technology based company in Australia. hile interviewing him we come across some of the important qualities of a manager According to him a manager should have a good academic qualifications like a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree in any of the administrative fields, unless and until if a manager have a good academics he may not be able to solve academic problems in his company. He should also have good communicative skills and interactive skills, marketing ability, managing the customers and a good personality. R. W. Griffin defines manager as a person who first of all is responsible for realization of management process. In particular manager is â€Å"the person, that makes plans and decisions, organizes, supervises and controls human, finance and information resources† (Griffin 2000). I totally agree to the above statements as they said a manager should have a good academic qualification and he even should have a good personality to operate all the above mentioned functions. Unless a manager possesses them he/she can’t keep his company in a better position. He also stated that he has to interact with many people in his day to day life as his company is an IT based company deals with the problems in the technological aspects in hardware and software. He should have proper capability to face many new customers in his day to day life and to a lot his employees for the solution of the customers’ problem. He should attend the customer in his own office or at other private places in favour of customers’ flexibility. He has to take care of his employees, the resources he is utilizing, the marketing staff, more important the customers who are their bread and butter. Doing this he has to keep an eye on the technical advances in his field and on his competitors. So here I understand that managers’ job is much crucial job in any company and he has to be in up-to-date at things that are happening at and around his company. Many managers attain success by coordinating his/her employee effect, in turn obtaining success to the organisation. He states that in his list of people he has to interact in his everyday life the customers are his prime concern because they the main source of the companies’ income unless a customer satisfied with the employees work, he would not pay the amount. So in this relation I came to know that there exists a mutual benefit relationship between the customer and the company hence it is a good example for reciprocal relationship. â€Å"The needs to better understand customer behaviour and the interest of many managers to focus on those customers who can deliver long-term profits have changed how marketers view the world† (Russell S. Winer). The author says that consumers can change the performance of a market and the running style of an organisation hence a good manager should always keep his eye on such type of consumers. Next comes his employees, a good manager should maintain a good interaction with his employees. According to him â€Å"a good manager should look after their employees and he should be their well-wisher†. He says that a good interaction between a manager and his employees builds up a positive energy in the workplace results in better performance of the employee leading to success of the employee as well as the company. He even said that he will help his employees in various ways like allotting them regular and flexible working hours, monitoring their work, giving feedback whenever necessary and solving their issues regarding their work and in their lives. This shows there exists a reciprocal relationship with in them. He said that he has only 4 regular employees working currently with him and hires others whenever necessary. According to Katuria. M in his article named â€Å"three ways to built successful employee manager relationship† he stated that â€Å"the only relationship more important to an organisation than the ustomer-company relationship is the manager- employee relationship and according to the exit interview the no. 1 reason people leave their job is because of their improper relationship with the manager†. Going through all the above conversation I totally agree to both of them and I strictly believe in good manager- employee relationship which aids in success of the com pany and its employees. â€Å"An organisation grows and evolves new positions are added, senior managers have to find a way to tie all these departments together. Coordination refers to the quality of collaboration across the departments. It is required whether there is a functional, divisional or term structure†. (Draft 2012) this statement explains the most responsible duty of a manager in a growing company. It tells us that in a rapidly growing company the managers play a important role that is he has to do division and interlinking the departments there by forming more and more stronger work unit which helps them in solving more complex problems. When dealing with the suppliers he gave me the information that he is connected to many suppliers in his place and even in the Melbourne. As the company is based on the problems and solutions coming in the information technology, they have to be provided with plenty of resources. They need various types of computer spare parts, softwares and many advanced features which were been provided to them by many suppling companies. Even they dealings with vast companies like Harvey Norman etc. He explained me the advantages and disadvantages of maintaining such large groups of suppliers. Ha stated that trust is the main factor that works between suppliers and the company administrator. Many transactions run based on the trust philosophy only. Unless they trust a supplier and use their products they can’t run the company in some situations. I support this statement that trust is the main part of the business. I can state that trust should exist not only between a supplier and the management but also at all the levels in the business sector that is it should be in between the consumer-organisation-supplier. â€Å"Supplier Relationship Management is an all-inclusive approach to managing the affairs and interactions with the organizations that supply your company with goods and services. This includes communications, business practices, negotiations, methodologies and software that are used to establish and maintain a relationship with a supplier. Benefits include lower costs, higher quality, better forecasting and less tension between the two entities that result in a win-win relationship† (Bucki. j). The author explains us that for any company the supplier management relation should be in such a way that there is a benefit from both the sides and the tools were developed to reduce the work related problems between the supplier and the managers in the company who look after all these raw materials. I totally believe with the above discussions because unless there is an adequate amount of raw materials for a company they cannot reach the level of customer satisfaction which is their main goal and the supplier also has to be loyal to the company and supply the raw materials in time there by maintaining a mutual benefit relationship between them. The next I am going to discuss the other important environmental factor the labour market. In this case as the manager already stated that he hires the employees whenever he needs, in explanation to this he gave me the information that when his regular staff are not sufficient to complete a task which was assigned to them he hires some of the software professionals from the employment centres for a shorter period of time and assigns them to work with his regular employees. Without strategic planning it is unlikely that any organisation will be able to meet successfully numerous challenges that face them† (Bryson. j. m). This shows that planning and organisation is the main crucial duties of a manager. Manager has to plan the project prior to its start and distribute the work to his employees accordingly. If a manager fails to perform this step in his level he/she may not be able to reach the target level and fails in leading the organisation and its staff. Finally for an organisation to run in the way of profits and to sustain in this present competitive word the manager has to look after many types of environmental factors some of them which are prime concerned are discussed above the other factors which influence the organisation are Technology, Natural, Sociocultural, Economic, Legal, Political, International (all of these come under external environment) and Culture management. (Draft, R. L) in my opinion manager should have the capability in controlling all these environmental factors. This company having limited employees and being a small scale company the external environmental factors may not have such a great influence. Among them only the technology has a powerful impact because it is purely a software solution company so the employees and the manager should beware of the changing trends in the technology and should be in up to date daily. Recommendations: Keeping in mind the whole interview and with my research I would like to recommend some changes this organisation should implement for better progress they are 1. Increase the employee work ratio. 2. Use of the labour market for hiring the employees should be stopped because the information in the company regarding the projects and codes should be within the company. 3. Instead of hiring the employees from the outside try to increase the regular employees which helping him in planning the work and confidentiality 4. Being a software company I think he should organise some conferences such that his employee will get more latest technical skills 5. As the work hours were longer during the day he has to create work life balance to his employees and for him he. 6. Customer satisfaction should be increased to transform this to a large scale company. Conclusion: Finally I conclude that the environmental factors influence on any organisation is very much crucial and the managerial staff any company should keep an eye on it in order to run the organisation in an admirable way. Various people who are in close relation to the organisation should work together for the mutual benefit of the organisation as well as them.

Non Alcoholic Carbonated Drinks Essay Example

Non Alcoholic Carbonated Drinks Essay According to AC Nielsen, beverages dominate the list of fastest growing food and beverages categories in the global market place. While water (still and carbonated) was the leading food and beverages product, carbonated beverages experienced 6% of growth rate (2000-2001). Soft drinks consumption worldwide is growing by around 5% a year, according Global Soft drinks 2002. Averagely, the market grew by 5% 6% per year. The zeniths 2002 global soft drinks report indicates that carbonates are the biggest soft drinks sector with 45% of global volume. Besides that, the report also shows that North America is the largest soft drinks market with a 27% volume share in 2001 and the fastest growing countries were Asia, East Europe and the Middle East. Zenith Research Director, Gary Roethenbaugh commented that the highly populous and rapidly emerging markets, such as China and India, consumption in Asia is projected to overtake that of North America in 2006. The overall sustainable growth of soft drinks in the beverages market provides marketer and manufacturer of non alcoholic carbonated soft drinks tremendous opportunity as well as challenges to realize the full potential of the market. To capitalize on the opportunities of the growing market, successful marketers concentrate effort to learn more about their consumers. Most of the time, marketers focus mainly on understanding the consumer decision making process, however, the internal and external influences that affect the overall decision making is also equally important. Consumer Decision Making Process Although consumers of a particular group may be similar in appearance and speaks the same language, that does not always mean they have the same product needs, preference and shopping behaviour. Therefore marketers need to develop a deeper understanding of the psychological, personal, social and culture of the consumers. These are the characteristic that influences the consumers response towards the marketing stimuli which will then affect the consumer decision making process. We will write a custom essay sample on Non Alcoholic Carbonated Drinks specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Non Alcoholic Carbonated Drinks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Non Alcoholic Carbonated Drinks specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Most marketing and consumer behaviour books suggest that consumers go through a five-stage decision making process in any purchase. Based on the diagram illustrated in Diagram 1, it is important that marketers consider the whole buying process rather than just the purchase decision as it may be too late for a business to influence the choice made. In most cases, customers pass through all stages in every purchase, however, in more routine purchases, for example toothpaste, household cleaning detergents, customers often skip or reverse some of the stages. For example, a student buying his/her favourite soft drink would recognize the need, in this case thirst and go right to the purchase decision, skipping info search and evaluation. Cultural Factor Country of origins, cultural heritage, language and recent histories, all influences beverage consumption. Successful marketers use these factors to drive decisions about product assortment and marketing in order to appeal to the target market. Culture is the most basic cause of a wants and behaviour. Growing up children learn basic values, perception and wants from the family and other important groups. Marketers of non alcoholic carbonated beverages should always spot cultural shift which might point to a new product that might be wanted by customers or to increase demand. For example, the cultural shift in Malaysia towards greater concern about health and fitness has provided an opportunity to Coca-Cola Light. During the Coca-Cola Light in Kuala Lumpur, Mr Reiner Becker, Country Manger of Coca-Cola Malaysia, said that Coca-Cola Light is intended to be a great-tasting light beverage for consumers currently drink other beverages such as water, tea and juices. (www.prdomain.com/companies/c/coke/news_release.html) Malaysian consumers told us they want to treat themselves, yet they also want to take care of themselves, said Becker. Coca-Cola Light was developed to address this trend. Its got great taste, no calories and imagery that appeals to people who treat themselves as priority. Each culture contains sub cultures, which are groups of people with share values. Sub-cultures can include nationalities, religions, racial groups, or groups of people sharing the same geographical location. Sometimes a sub-culture will create a substantial and distinctive market segment of its own. For example, the youth culture has quite distinct values and buying characteristics from the much older generation. Pepsi uses celebrities like Siti Nurhaliza in Malaysia and F4 in Taiwan for its advertisements to influence the younger generations attitude. Social Factor A consumers buying behaviour is also influenced by social factors, such as the groups to which the customer belongs and social status. Coca-Cola has segmented its consumer into 4 groups which consists of the fashionable brand conscious consumer, average consumers, peer pressure consumers and coke addicts. Based on the 4 segments, the fashionable brand conscious consumer and peer pressure consumers clearly sets the example of group influenced purchased decision. The fashionable brand conscious consumers are generally in their twenties, who are universities students or make up the working class, drive fast cars (or would like to), they socialize with friends, go to parties and dance clubs. They are carefree and are freestyle. When they buy Coca-cola, they buy image, they buy fashionable drink that exudes coolness. On the other hand, the peer pressure consumers tend to be the late majority teenagers who purchase Coca-cola because their friends do it or they do not want to appear daggy purchasing a Sarsi or Sprite. They are less likely to request for Sprite or Sarsi instead of a Coca-Cola when purchasing a value meal at McDonalds for fear of dagginess. (www.coke.com) In a group, several individuals may interact to influence the purchase decision. The typical roles of an individual are initiator, influencer, decider, buyer and user. In the case of carbonated beverages, because it is a low involvement product, most of the time its target consumers could play all the roles at the same time. Motivation Most often, we human mislead ourselves when we attempt to explain our behaviour in our desire to act as retinal human beings. Sometimes we do not want to admit or even realise the real reason for our behaviour because it is, more often that not, irrational. Relating this back to marketing, it is clear that a brand or organisation has both an identity and a personality. When consumers are asked the reason why they buy a brand they will respond rationally and often describe the brands identity, such as the objective or explicit characteristics observed by the conscious thinking brain which are easily verbalised. However, a brand also has a personality, intangible traits that differentiate it from its competitors which we experience but cannot easily verbalise. For example, most consumers initially cite taste as the reason why they consume a certain brand of cola soft drinks. However, during a blind taste test conducted by Pepsi to challenge Coca-Cola drinkers, most loyal consumers could not differentiate their favourite brand. The truth is that these consumers are motivated by a group cohesion, equality and bonding towards the brand. Changes in Asia Pacific The family unit is usually considered to be the most important buying organisation in society. It has been researched extensively. Marketers are particularly interested in the roles and relative influence of the husband, wife and children on the purchase of a large variety of products and services. There is evidence that the traditional husband-wife buying roles are changing. Almost everywhere in the world, the wife is traditionally the main buyer for the family, especially in the areas of food, household products and clothing. However, with increasing numbers of women in full-time work the traditional roles are reversing. Besides, children also play an important role in influencing the buying decision making. In relation to this, and as consumers lifestyles is becoming increasingly demanding, the non alcoholic carbonated industry has become more competitive. Manufacturers are introducing new carbonated drinks such as additional of flavours and attractive packaging to capture market share. For example, Pepsi has introduce the Pepsi Blue, a blueberry flavour drink in addition to its typical cola and diet cola drink, provides consumers additional choices and varieties. The shopping and purchasing habits of consumers are also changing. People are working longer hours than before and as mentioned, many married woman with kids are also working. Todays shoppers want convenience of longer opening and trading hours and Sunday opening which most of the supermarkets and convenience store are doing nowadays. However, the implication for these retailers to work hard in order to maintain customer loyalty made marketers of carbonated drinks to work even harder because more shopping trips means shopper have more opportunity to be disloyal to a brand. Besides, consumers purchasing habits now emphasize on value, convenience and variety. Furthermore, with the advancement in technology, consumers especially the younger generation are buying soft drinks through SMS. Manufacturers who are not adopting this trend are losing opportunity. For example, Coca-Cola drinkers in Singapore are able to order Coca-Cola through sending SMS from their mobile phone and the mechanism work as a vending machine too. With the recent September 11th case, many Muslims countries have conducted boycotts towards American brands. As such, brand like Coca-Cola has been affected in these Muslims countries. As mentioned, cultural shifts towards greater concern in health and fitness may affect the demand for carbonated beverages because the increasing promotion of other health beverages such as cultured milk and traditional drinks creates greater competition. The speed of these changes has created increased pressure on manufacturers and marketers. The challenge for the carbonated drinks marketer is to understand its affect on demand for their products. Everyday, consumers around the world make decision on whether to buy or not to buy a product or brand or opt for that of a competitor. Some are decides when and where to shop. A marketers advertising, direct marketing, merchandising, packaging and point of sale materials affects all these decisions, as are shoppers own motivations and feelings about the shopping occasion and experience. Thus, the promotional mix needs to be changed to attract consumers and maintain their loyalty towards their product. Understanding human needs is critical for effective targeting marketing. However, these needs are not always detectable. The underlying motivations that most of the time marketers are not fully aware of helps maximise the potential of the brand if identified. Conclusion Understanding the changing needs of consumers and effective strategic marketing is critical to stay ahead. It is also important to understand brand relationship by exploring core needs of consumers and how consumers relate to the personality of a brand. For both manufacturers and retailers of carbonated beverages, success and failure is often a result of effective utilisation of market information to meet consumer needs and hence drive sales and profit.

The Effect of Technological Advancements of Management Practices

Introduction Technology and innovation are two hybrid components, which while embraced by manufacturing firms, can help to drive their productivity. Fundamentally, innovation means the introduction of something new, especially in a business setting. Innovation takes place when â€Å"new products or services are introduced and successfully commercialised† (Tidd Bessant 2009, p.7).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Effect of Technological Advancements of Management Practices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the manufacturing context, innovation involves the introduction of new manufacturing processes and/or practices, new technologies, and new materials among other things, which help to lower the cost of production or increase the pace of production and quality of the manufactured products. According to Tidd and Bessant (2009), innovation is an essential aspect of a manufacturing firm since it resul ts in increased productivity for firms by enhancing good customer responses to the business of the manufacturing firm (p.7). According to an innovation and technology guru, Don Tapscott, the focus of innovative approaches in the manufacturing industry is to ensure waste reductions, reduction of downtimes of machinery, increase in product quality, designing of products with better utilities, and streamlining of customer needs to the products produced by an organisation (Tapscott Williams 2010, p.88). This paper conducts a synopsis of the work of Don Tapscott about the industrial force of productivity in the manufacturing sector. The article also investigates the effect of technological advancements in the areas of management practices (innovation) concerning manufacturing productivity Contributions of Don Tapscott to Manufacturing Productivity Don Tapscott is an influential and a leading management thinker in the field of technology and its implication on the productivity of firms. He advises governments and organisations on issues such as technology and innovation in enhancing the efficiency of organisations, social impact of technology, and economic repercussion for embracing innovation and technology in production. According to Don Tapscott (2010), innovation in the manufacturing sector influences the productivity of an organisation in four main ways. These are sourcing, innovative manufacturing approaches, management, and technology.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the attempt to understand the effect of innovation, which is driven by creativity, in the manufacturing sector, it is essential for a manufacturing organisation from the context of Don Tapscott to understand the process of innovation and creativity. Technology is a component of innovation (Tidd Bessant 2009, p.11). In recognition of the roles of technology and innovation in the su ccess of organisations irrespective of the industry of their operation, many theorists endeavour to understand various sources of creativity and innovation among individuals. However, there lacks contention among researchers on the origins of innovation and creativity with many hypotheses remaining unsubstantiated. A significant challenge in theorising innovation and creativity is defining the terms. Multi-faceted, comprehensive, and complex forms of creativity occur in a myriad of contexts (Tidd Bessant 2009, p.14). Therefore, no direct rule can provide an insight into the sources of creativity and innovation both at an individual level and organisational level. Despite the lack of contention, several theories may be used to explain the origins of creativity and innovation in an organisation. At an individual level, theories of innovation and creativity may emanate from the existence of a conducive social environment that may make people innovative and creative (Meisinger 2007, p. 213). At an organisational level, innovation and creativity can emanate from the interaction of various components. According to Tidd and Bessant, these factors include knowledge, creative thinking, and motivation (2009, p.13). Knowledge refers to the understanding that people bring into creativity and innovation table for an organisation. Creative thinking refers to the manner in which people approach various problems. It depends on the working style, personality, the way people think (Meisinger 2007, p.219). The main concern of Don Tapscott is the role of creativity in enhancing performance in the manufacturing organisations. He is concerned with creativity at the organisational level. For inventiveness and novelty to thrive at an organisational level, it is crucial for an innovative and creative culture to be created.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Effect of Technological Advancements of Management Practices specifically for you for only $ 16.05 $11/page Learn More Meisinger (2007) states that motivation is a crucial component for encouraging people within an organisation to embrace creative thinking, which enhances innovation in the creation of new manufacturing technologies (p.225). Some theorists also attribute creativity to experimentation. For instance, Tidd and Bessant (2009) argue that testing gives rise to creativity (p.14). This means that an organisation needs to dedicate its funds, facilities, time, and materials, among other resources to the experimentation of new ideas for it to foster creativity and innovation. Organisational culture is yet another critical facilitator for innovation and creativity. It refers to the beliefs, norms, and values that are shared within an organisation (Meisinger 2007, p.225). An organisation that builds its culture around the importance of innovation and creativity gets more of it. Organisations that minimise risks such as financial risks related to unproducti ve research and experimentations often fail to embrace the values of innovation and creativity in the manufacturing sector. In his book The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril In The Age of Networked Intelligence, Don Tapscott argues that technological developments in communication technologies have high impacts on the success of manufacturing organisations through the provision of quick and easy means of accessing innovative components and improved deals with clients together with suppliers (Tapscott 1997, p.56). Such approaches help manufacturing firms to increase their profitability tremendously (Tapscott Williams 2010, p.89). Through technology, Don Tapscott argues that manufacturing organisations have developed the capability to integrate manufacturing functions and processes to the needs of the clients together with supplier information management processes. The approach is crucial in enhancing online visibility concerning inventory management and control of quality standards. Don Tapscott adds his contribution to this debate of innovation and technology to the manufacturing organisations. He cites e-auctions and reverses auctions as additional tools for managing the cost of materials and as effective mechanisms of enhancing procurement efficiency and effectiveness in the manufacturing organisations (Tapscott Williams 2010, p.92).Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The assertion highlights the importance of creativity and innovation in the manufacturing organisations developed by management scholars in the discipline of manufacturing management. Both creativity and innovation are relevant in modern organisations since the success of an organisation in placing its products in the marketplace largely depend on the increasing value of products and services to customers. This situation has the overall impact of reduced cost, achievement of great total quality, and high cycle time without negating substantive satisfaction of customers (Meisinger 2007, p.229). In particular, cost is an important aspect that determines the level of consumption of a company’s products and services. Literature Review of Published Work by Don Tapscott Don Tapscott is a business executive from Canada whose scholarly works specialise in business strategies, contribution of technology in societies and the business environment, and organisational processes of transfo rmation. Don Tapscott has authored and co-authored fourteen books. Tapscott and Caston (1992), Tapscott (1997), Tapscott and Williams (2006), and Tapscott and Williams (2010) are some of the important scholarly works by Don Tapscott reflecting the theme of technology, innovation, and creativity in enhancing the productivity of organisations. Wikinomics emerged one of the bestselling books throughout 2007. In the book, the authors provide comprehensive details of the management approach in which mass collaboration of people of varying talents and innovative ideas has resulted in the overall change of the world of business. In the manufacturing sector, the principles of collaboration developed in the Wikinomics are applicable in the automobiles manufacturing companies to enhance productivity. According to Tapscott and Williams (2006), collaboration enhances interdependence of organisations together with sharing of knowledge and integrity (p.41). The authors reveal many designers of ve hicles in the automobile manufacturing sector who engage in collaboration in the web design of vehicles in the effort to come up with the most effective design (Tapscott Williams 2006, p.54). Even though it is essential for organisations to safeguard their intellectual property, this approach fosters openness, which is essential in the development of innovative business models (Tapscott Caston1992, p.65). The principle of interdependence is showcased in the manner in which local motor manufacturers establish various assembly locations within communities. In this process, they hire local people in small-localised plants (Tapscott Williams 2006, p.83.). This perhaps reveals why organisations operating in the manufacturing sector have recognised that they cannot continue performing optimally in a localised and disintegrating manufacturing environment. The digital economy has influenced the manner in which organisations place their products and/or source materials in the market. Thro ugh cost reduction created by the ease of garnering information in the manufacturing sector relative to suppliers and customers, according to Tapscott (1997), the digital revolution has facilitated the growth of entrepreneurial ventures, small companies, and productivity of big manufacturing organisations (p.109). Through digital technology, customers can place their orders online. The orders arrive at the manufacturing firms in real-time. Upon scrutiny of the customer requirement details, the manufacturing company can place the order for materials in real-time. This implies that organisations do not have to hold stocks of raw material in the effort to minimise the costs of rapid replenishment and delays in the process of sourcing materials. The overall effect of real-time delivery of ordered information is the minimisation of handling costs. Consequently, all costs, which do not add value to the raw materials or the finished products, are minimised. Thus, manufacturing organisation s can produce high-quality products at low costs (Tapscott 1997, p.171). This means that the prices of products are also low. This makes manufacturing organisations sell a high number of products by capitalising on the effectiveness of production costs. In the effort to enhance productivity, manufacturing organisations utilise the principles of economies of scale as the concepts of productivity improvement developed by the Tapscott and Williams’ book Macrowikinomics: Rebooting Business and the World. In this book, the authors provide various examples of organisations that deploy the concepts of Wikinomics to enhance their productivity. One of such organisations is the Local Motors Company initiated by Jay Rogers (Tapscott Williams 2010, p.84). This company provides potential clients with an opportunity to engage in the process of designing an automobile in the organisation’s website (Tapscott Williams 2010, p.89). Once a design is completed, the client is requested t o travel to Phoenix to participate in the process of assemblage of his or her vehicle. According to the authors, this approach is an innovative methodology for enhancing organisational success. Customers are satisfied with products by virtue of ample participation in its production process. Organisations deploying this strategy constantly invest in the development of innovative techniques of web-based designs to enhance optimisation of the production process. The process of production of products starts with the design of the product. The arguments developed by Tapscott and Williams imply that manufacturing organisations seeking to increase their productivity need to invest in the manufacturing processes, innovation, and manufacturing management. Upon considering the example of Phoenix Local Motor Company provided by Tapscott and Williams (2010), manufacturing innovation refers to the improvement in the manner in which organisations manufacture and/or develop their products within a nd across supply chains. Such innovation is imperative in enhancing improvement of assembly lines. Ford Car Manufacturing Company is one of the good examples of manufacturing organisations that have deployed innovative techniques and technology in enhancing manufacturing productivity through exploitation of innovative assembly line models (Tapscott Williams 2010, p.103). The case of the Toyota Company exemplifies the role of innovation in the manufacturing management through the ‘lean manufacturing’ philosophy. According to Tapscott and Williams, this philosophy has altered the approach of operation of manufacturing organisations across the globe (2010, p. 106). This situation provides sufficient grounds to infer that innovation, creativity, and technology are the chief drivers of manufacturing productivity. Conclusion Coming up with products and services that have low creation costs is essential in helping an organisation to gain a competitive advantage in the future. This suggests that organisations can only succeed in the global fronts if they are able to reduce their costs of production and/or by improved operational methodologies. Innovation, technology, and creativity are subtle tools for achieving these concerns. References Meisinger, S 2007, ‘Creativity and innovation: Key drivers for successes’, Human Resource Management, vol. 52 no. 5, pp. 212-235. Tapscott, D Caston, A 1992, Paradigm Shift: The New Promise of Information Technology, McGraw-Hill, New York. Tapscott, D Williams, A 2006, Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything, Portfolio Trade, London. Tapscott, D, Williams, A 2010, Macrowikinomics: Rebooting Business and the World, Portfolio Hardcover, London. Tapscott, D1997, The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril In The Age of Networked Intelligence, McGraw-Hill, New York. Tidd, J Bessant, J 2009, ‘Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organisational Change’, The Internati onal Journal of Educational Management, vol. 21 no.1, pp. 6-25. This proposal on The Effect of Technological Advancements of Management Practices was written and submitted by user Helena P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Brilliant Lies essays

Brilliant Lies essays Truth is the real casualty in Brilliant Lies. Do you agree? The truth, in its complete and untarnished form, is undoubtedly the ultimate victim in Brilliant Lies. The truth is rarely heard from Suzy. Her perception is coloured by her unrealistic vision of the way her life should be. Katy on the other hand sees the truth in its full realism due to her sexual preferences, which has made her look not only into herself, but to see others in a different light. Paul sees the world through Christian eyes, which sometimes can warp opinions, and Brian tells a heavily filtered version of the truth, sanitizing and glamorizing facts. The aggressive Gary Fitzgerald has a perception of the truth, which is greatly influenced by his wife and her family. The truth is a greater victim in this story than Suzy. Through the ages truth has always been held in high esteem. Whether it be in the bible or in constitutions, upholding the truth is of up most importance. The truth can make or break the character of a person. The way they use the truth tells a lot about the character of a person. When the truth is forgotten to line ones own pocket it can become the unrecognized victim of egos and self-centered activity. Suzys misuse of the truth is a prime example of this. Suzys insatiable appetite for money and her relationship with her sleazebag father has coloured her view of the truth greatly. The vision Suzy has for herself and her lifestyle revolves around sex and money. Give one and get the other! For years this saying has been such a great part of her life that it has become almost a habit to live on easy street. She has always been supported financially, either living off her father or fooling herself into having a series of deep and meaningfuls with the half-dozen or so wealthy unmarried heterosexual men in the city. Her female ways have always won her first prize and to be sudd ...

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Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Management - Essay Example Primary research has shown that the most preferred brand in the category of consumer product is Pantene. They prefer Pantene than any other brands because it caters to all types of hair requirements. Pantene is the most famous brand in hair care; they are brand loyal towards the product. Brand loyalty is an attitude toward a brand (Pride & Ferrell, 2008, p.330). The primary research shows that they are satisfied with the brand and thus consistently purchase the same brand. Pantene a product of Procter & Gamble has very well positioned itself in the minds of the customers. The survey has shown that the most recalled brand was Pantene. Positioning is nothing but the battle of the mind. In order to stay ahead from the competitors, the first thing is to position the brand in the consumers mind so that he or she tends to go for that particular brand (Sengupta, 2005, p.2). And this is exactly what the hair product has done. It is the number one hair care brand. Brand loyalty plays an impor tant factor when deciding upon a brand. When asked about how loyal they were with their brand, it was found that Pantene follows the third degree of brand loyalty, brand insistence. They would not go for any other substitute, they strongly prefer Pantene. This is referred to as brand insistence. ... When asked about the first five brands that come to their mind, the first name was Pantene. Thus the brand had achieved the success because it takes a lot of effort to remain on top of the mind thus it has positioned very well in the minds of the consumers. As discussed earlier, they would not go for any other brands even if they do not find the desired product; this indicates the loyalty towards the brand. The purchase decision criteria for most respondents depend upon the brand name. The very reason why as to Pantene is preferred was because of its focus mainly on the health of the hair. Pantene is the brand which caters to all hair segments be it long straight short curly etc. it has a wide range of products which deals with the different types of hair of the consumers. Hair care is one of the important factors that mainly concern the consumers. Many of the Pantene users believe that it provides their hair with a healthier looking with more shine and more confidence among themselv es. One of the respondent stated that hair has a personality and it is taken well care of by Pantene. Thus Pantene has proved to be the number one brand and captures the market share. It is a product that has emotionally affected the consumers. They feel that it is only Pantene that suits their hair types and especially because it is available for all hair types. Secondary research Market segments and targets Pantene is a product of Procter & Gamble, a fortune 500 company. It deals in consumer goods. Market segmentation is an important part in marketing. It is necessary to decide the segment in which the product is to be introduced. It has segmented its product in three categories that is Fine, med-thick, curly and color. Since it has segmented its

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Wu zholiu's orphan of asia and taiwanese students studying in japan - Essay Example This one is a masterpiece that Taiwanese literature shall always cherish. The Taiwanese Literature, as we know it today, developed in 1920s. The writers during that period reflected on Japan’s role as a colonizer, Wu Zhouliu does the same. The Taiwanese literature was as influenced by the culture of Japan, which was forced by Japan, as by the need to voice its identity. The Taiwanese literature was trying to break the image of Taiwan as ‘extended Japan’ while at the same time most of the works were in either Japanese or usually had element of Japanese. Wu Zhouliu, too, was much better in Japanese than in Chinese but his works were rebellious, indicating Japanese as oppressors of Taiwanese. The Taiwanese literature was a means for peaceful rebellion, after the violent methods to drive Japanese out of their land failed, and the task is successfully carried forward by Orphan of Asia. Thus, the work not just adds on to the main reason for evolution of Taiwanese literature-rebellion against their colonizer, but it also takes up the task of representing Taiwan under Japan as it was to the future generations. Taiwan was occupied by Japan from China for fifty years (1895-1945) before it was handed over to China again. As long as Taiwan was the colony of Japan, Taiwanese remained neither Japanese nor Chinese. Their identity as Taiwanese was all too obliterated. This situation of Taiwanese is well depicted in Orphan of Asia, where the protagonist-Tai-ming was confused about his identity. The writer uses the word ‘orphan’ to indicate that with no identity of its own Taiwanese were orphan, they had been separated from their mother-China, and their colonizers never accepted them as one of them. Not just were they separated from their roots (China), but also their roots never accepted them back. Tai-ming believes that his roots are in China and hence is ready to make any sacrifice for his roots but it is ironic that he shall not disclose

Strategic Positioning Of The Ryanair Airline Commerce Essay

Strategic Positioning Of The Ryanair Airline Commerce Essay Ryanair is a leading no frill airline in Europe and across the globe, it has managed to outperform all other airlines and in 2006, it carried over 34.8 million passengers. Ryanair is targeting low income earners and cost conscience customers 1. 2.1 PESTEL Analysis: (See appendix 7.5) PESTEL analysis is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. It is a framework for reviewing a situation and can be applied by Ryanair to review strategic direction as well as marketing intention 4. When one aspect in the PESTEL analysis is affected, the rest will also be affected for example if the political situation of Ireland changes then the economical, technological, social, legal, economical and even environmental aspects will change 4. Ryanair is not in good terms with some governments in the European Union as well as airline industry authorities and airport regulatory bodies due to the rules and regulations they set. The EU wanted to charge tax on aviation fuel due to carbon emissions generated by the airline industries before 2010, Ryanair argued that any environmental taxations scheme should be to the benefit of more efficient carriers, so airlines with low load factors that generate high fuel consumption and emission per passenger and airline that offer connecting rather than point to point flights should be penalised thus excluding itself 5. Secondly, Ryanair protested against charges and conditions on some airports such as Stansted and Dublin. Economical conditions also affect both capital availability and cost, as well as demand 4. If demand is high and the capital is low, it will be attractive for Ryanair to invest and grow with expectations of being profitable. To influence demand Ryanair must continue to use its current strategy and improve its services and upgrade its customer care policies. The currency exchange rates affect Ryanair as they may determine whether customers will book a flight or not. If the exchange rate is high, customers will opt to use other means of transport such as the EURO express. To avoid this situation, customers can use the Euro to book flights 1. Moreover, jet fuel prices are dominated in US dollars and therefore Ryanair will have to risk paying more or less for fuel as it will include the exchange rate. The opportunity to exploit a particular strategy successfully may depend on demand which exists in growth conditions and does not in recession. Although a depressed economy will generally be a treat which results in a number of organizations going out of business, it can provide opportunities for some4. The recession decreased the number of competitors in the industry as well as weakening the remaining competition. In and after recession, customers are more willing to fly with a no frill or low cost carriers rather than a differentiated or hybrid carrier. Therefore, to certain extent the recession has had a positive impact Ryanair. The socio or cultural environment involves demand and tastes, which vary with fashion and disposable income, and general changes, can provide both opportunities and threats for Ryanair 4. Ryanair should be aware of demographics changes as the structure of the population by ages, affluence, regions, number working and so on so as to be able to take advantage when an opportunity occurs. Technological breakthroughs affect the airline industry the most. If the organization can adapt to the technological change then it will be able to overcome competition and increase its market share. The global focus in the 21st century is environmental protection. Ryanair has been able to meet the demand and standards of the world market by offering eco friendly airlines. The aircrafts produce 50% less emissions, 45% lower noise emissions per seat. A winglet modification programme on the fleet is providing better aircraft performance and a 2% reduction in fleet fuel consumption, a saving which Ryanair hopes to improve in the coming years 1. Ryanair has been using one type of airline, Boeing 737 to save cost on training staff. As Ryanair cannot dump expenses on its customers it should look for ways to reduce costs and the author believes that this is one of it 1. Legal factors affecting Ryanair is that of labour unions. Ryanair does not have a good relationship with its employees as it has refused to acknowledge unions. Secondly it is providing poor working conditions and low salaries. Although Ryanair has argued that its pilots are the best paid short haul pilots in Europe. In the autumn 2006 pilots in Ryanair lodge a complaint with the Irish Labour Relations Commission on the basis that there were significant in net salary between Ryanair and Aer Lingus pilots. 2.2 Michael Porters 5 Forces Analysis: (see appendix 7.8) The threat of substitutes in the airline industry is high as there are other means of transport to and from Europe as well as within Europe. Customers are opting to use the Euro Express (train) rather than using an airplane as it is cheaper and offers extra benefits. The Euro Express enables its customers to enjoy the scenario while offering more or less the same services as the airplane. Rivalry amongst existing firms; there are a number of competitors within the market and when the European Union commenced even more competitors entered the market. The industry is competitive and is becoming saturated. Each competitor is using a strategy to get a foot hold in the industry. Although some of the airlines are using the no frill strategy, Ryanair has been able to best them by creating a strong brand offering the lowest price fare. Bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of suppliers is low as there are many suppliers in the industry. The suppliers of the airline industry are those who supply the airline with parts such as the blades and engines, food, uniforms for the air hostess and so on. They are easily replaceable as Ryanair can get these services from any country within and outside of Europe. Ryanair as a supplier has a high bargaining power as it offers services that are unique in the market (it is the only no frill airline in the United Kingdom). Bargaining power of buyers, the bargaining power of buyers is very high as there are a lot of substitutes and competitors in the market. The customer can easily use his/her car to go Dublin rather than take an airplane. Secondly, as there are a number of competitors in the market, the airlines will offer discounts and promotions to attract customers and therefore customers can easily switch from one airline to another. Threats of new entrants; the biggest barrier to entering the airline industry is capital but nowadays entrepreneurs can take a loan with the bank or form an alliance such as a joint venture to overcome this barrier. The industry regulations can help decrease the number of new entrants and reduce competition within the market. There is no union among the existing firm to keep new entrants out, in other industries the existing firm come together to keep new entrants out of the industry as they would saturate the market even more. 2.3 Ratios Analysis: Ryanairs financial performance is positive, although there is still room for improvement (see appendix 7.9). The net profit margin in 2006 was lower than 2005 but Ryanair managed to increase it in the second half of 2006. The return on capital employee has been constant from 2005 to 2006. 3.0 STRATEGY CHOICES: 3.1 Strategy: Ryanairs objective is to firmly establish itself as Europes leading low-fares scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and expanded offerings of its low-fares service. Ryanair aims to offer low fares that generate increased passenger traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies 1. Ryanair was initially a hybrid (see appendix 7.4) as it was a full service conventional airline, in the early 1990s it become a no frill carrier under the management of Michael O Leary 1. The author believe that this move by the Chief Executive Officer has enable Ryanair to create a market peak for itself and gain market share and therefore I would not suggest a change in strategy. The industry is very competitive and is becoming saturated thus if Ryanair decides to change its strategy it will have to design and implement a new strategy that is not being used by its competitor or that has never been used in the industry. This is next to impossible as all of the strategies i.e. differentiation, cost leadership are already being used. Secondly, Ryanair would lose the foothold it has in the industry and its market share and it would have to start from scratch, which will mean more capital will have to be invested into the new strategy. Although Ryanair is using the no frill strategy1 they must be careful to not devalue the company. Currently, it has a large customer base but most of which have a very low opinion of the airline 6. Moreover, Ryanair should increase more benefits to its customers for example they should remove the 50 cent wheelchair levy that was impose on every passenger ticket 6. These small charges are making customers opt to fly with a different airline. The airline offers point to point flight 1. Ryanair uses secondary terminals to avoid crowding in the terminals as well as to decrease its turnaround time. The turnaround time is also kept to a minimum by the flight attendants cleaning the airplane instead of outsourcing professionals. Building on its success in the Ireland-U.K. market and its expansion of service to continental Europe, Ryanair intends to follow a manageable growth plan targeting specific markets to gain an advantage over its competitors. Ryanair believes it will have opportunities for continued growth by 1: Initiating additional routes from the U.K. or Ireland to other locations in continental Europe that are currently served by higher-cost, higher-fare carriers Increasing the frequency of service on its existing routes Starting new domestic routes within EU countries Considering possible acquisitions that may become available in the future Connecting airports within its existing route network (triangulation) 3.2 Competitive Advantage Analysis: Ryanair has many competitive advantages (See appendix 7.7). According to Ryanairs official website the following are some of its competitive advantage; 3.2.1 Low Fares: Ryanair sets fares on the basis of demand for particular flights and by reference to the period remaining to the date of departure of the flight, with higher fares charged on flights with higher levels of demand for bookings made nearer to the date of departure. The airline sells seats on a one-way basis, thus eliminating minimum stay requirements from all travel on Ryanair scheduled services, regardless of fare. Ryanairs competitors generally do not operate a one-way pricing policy, so direct comparison is not possible, but current round-trip fares on Aer Lingus, Ryanairs largest competitor on the London- Dublin route, for travel in September 2004 were 82.27 Euro for economy restricted return tickets, 218.27 Euro for economy flexible return and 353.75 pounds for business class tickets. 3.2.2 Customer Service: Ryanair delivers the best customer service performance in its peer group. According to reports by the Association of European Airlines and the airlines own published statistics, Ryanair has achieved better punctuality, fewer lost bags and fewer cancellations than all of the rest of its peer grouping in Europe. Ryanair achieves this by focusing strongly on the execution of these services and by operating from uncongested airports. 3.2.3 Frequent Point-to-Point Flights on Short-Haul Routes: Ryanair provides frequent point-to-point service on short-haul routes to secondary and regional airports in and around major population centres and travel destinations. Short-haul routes allow Ryanair to offer frequent service, while eliminating the necessity to provide frill services otherwise expected by customers on longer flights. Point-to-point flying allows Ryanair to offer direct, non-stop routes and avoid the costs of providing through service for connecting passengers, including baggage transfer and transit passenger assistance costs. In choosing its routes, Ryanair favours secondary airports with convenient transportation to major population centres and regional airports. Secondary and regional airports are generally less congested than major airports and, as a result, can be expected to provide higher rates of onetime departures, faster turnaround times, fewer terminal delays and more competitive airport access an d handling costs. Faster turnaround times are a key element in Ryanairs efforts to maximize aircraft utilization. Ryanairs average scheduled turnaround time for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 was approximately 25 minutes. Secondary and regional airports also generally do not maintain slot requirements or other operating restrictions that can increase operating expenses and limit the number of allowed take-offs and landings. 3.2.4 Low Operating Costs: Management believes that Ryanairs operating costs are among the lowest of any European scheduled passenger airline thus being advantageous to the airline. Ryanair strives to reduce or control four of the primary expenses involved in running a major scheduled airline: Aircraft equipment costs Personnel productivity Customer service costs Airport access and handling costs 3.2.5 Aircraft Equipment Costs: Ryanairs initial strategy for controlling aircraft acquisition costs was to purchase used aircraft of a single type Boeing 737, there was a significant reduction in the number of such used aircraft available for purchase in the market. The 737-800s represent the latest generation of Boeings 737 aircraft and share certain basic attributes in common with Ryanairs current fleet. Although Ryanairs acquisition of the 737-800s has already, and will continue to significantly increase the size of its fleet from that in 1998 and thus significantly increase its aircraft equipment and related costs, the purchase of aircraft from a single manufacturer enables it to limit the costs associated with personnel training, maintenance and the purchase and storage of spare parts, as well as affording greater flexibility in the scheduling of crews and equipment. 3.2.6 Personnel Productivity: Ryanair endeavours to control its labour costs by continually improving the productivity of its already highly-productive work force. Compensation for employees emphasizes productivity-based pay incentives, including commissions for on-board sales of products for flight attendants and payments based on the number of hours or sectors flown by pilots and cabin crew personnel within limits set by industry standards or regulations fixing maximum working hours, as well as participation in Ryanairs stock option programs. 3.2.7 Customer Service: Ryanair has entered into agreements on competitive terms with third party contractors at certain airports for passenger and aircraft handling, ticketing and other services that management believes can be more cost efficiently provided by third parties. Management attempts to obtain competitive rates for such services by negotiating multi-year contracts at prices that are fixed or subject only to periodic increases linked to inflation. The development of its own internet booking facility and reservations centre has advantaged Ryanair to eliminate travel agent commissions. 3.2.8 Airport Access Fees: Ryanair attempts to control airport access and service charges by focusing on airports that offer competitive cost terms. Management believes that Ryanairs record of delivering a consistently high volume of passenger traffic growth at many of these airports has allowed it to negotiate favourable contracts with such airports for access to their facilities. Ryanair further endeavours to reduce its airport charges by opting, when practicable, for less expensive gate locations as well as outdoor boarding stairs rather than more expensive jet ways. 3.2.9 Ecommerce: During January 2000, Ryanair converted its host reservation system from the BABS (British Airways Booking System) to a new system called Flight speed, which it operates under a 10 year hosting agreement with Accenture Open Skies (Open Skies). As part of the implementation of the new reservation system, Open Skies developed an internet booking facility called Skylights. The Skylights system allows internet users to access Ryanairs host reservation system and to make and pay for confirmed reservations in real time through Ryanairs website which accounts for a 96% reservation of all flights. 3.2.10 Safety: Ryanairs commitment to safety is a primary priority of the Company and its management. This commitment begins with the hiring and training of Ryanairs pilots, cabin crews and maintenance personnel and includes a policy of maintaining its aircraft in accordance with the highest European airline industry standards. Ryanair has not had a single incident involving major injury to passengers or flight crew in its 20 year operating history. Although Ryanair seeks to maintain its fleet in a cost-effective manner, management does not seek to extend Ryanairs low cost operating strategy to the areas of safety, maintenance, training or quality assurance. Routine aircraft maintenance and repair services are performed at Dublin, London (Stansted), Glasgow (Prestwick), Shannon and Milan (Bergamo) by Ryanair and, at other airports maintenance contractors. 4.0 STRATEGY IN ACTION: According to Ryanairs website the company plans to initiate new services and improve existing ones and therefore the author will suggest ways the company can do so. The first is initiating additional routes from the U.K. or Ireland to other locations in continental Europe that are currently served by higher-cost and higher-fare carriers. As economies have just emerge from a recession, customers are more cost conscience and therefore if Ryanair continues to use its no frill strategy it will be able to quickly gain market share and dominance. Increasing the frequency of service on its existing routes, as seen in appendix 13 the most used route is from Dublin to London, therefore Ryanair should increase flights from Dublin to London and vice versa. Starting new domestic routes within EU countries, as the EU Union continues to grow, more markets will open up. Ryanair should try to enter these markets the first so as to gain the first mover advantage such as being the first to exploit the market thus gaining more knowledge about the market. Considering possible acquisitions that may become available in the future. Ryanair acquired a small Dutch budget, short haul, carrier buzz and wanted to acquire Aer Lingus its Irish rival and long haul airline. Although the acquisition failed at the time, Ryanair can still try again but using a different strategy. In the future the airline should appoint a stockbroker to purchase Aer Lingus as it did when its stockbroker Davy purchased the Aer Lingus shares. Secondly, Ryanair should negotiate behind closed doors, the first attempt failed because of media interference. Ryanair should state that it will bring in an expert to handle the organizational structure so that the 2 organizations can be able to work together and allow trade unions so as to win over the trust of the government and the Aer Lingus board. Connecting airports within its existing route network, currently Ryanair is using secondary terminals to avoid traffic and increase its turnaround time. But most customers prefer to use the main terminals and therefore if Ryanair uses both the main and secondary terminals it will be able to increase its customer base. 5.0 CONCLUSION: As seen in section 3.2 Ryanair is using the no frill strategy, the company has positioned itself well in the market and has manage under the leadership of the Chief Executive Officer and shareholder Michael O Leary to become a household name. Although Ryanair is targeting a niche in the market where its customers are willing to forgo extra benefits for the low fare, the company should try to add value for its customers where ever it can and when ever it can to increase brand loyalty and ultimately sales. 6.0 REFERENCE: Ryanairs official website, http://www.ryanair.com obtained on 21st November 2009 at 12:11 P.M G. Johnson, k. Scholes, R. Whittington 2008, Exploring Corporate Culture, 8th Edition, Prentice Hall Ryanairs history 2009 obtained from http://en.Wikipedia.org/Ryanair on 19th November 2009 at 11:23 A.M PESTEL Analysis, obtained from http://university-essays.tripod.com on 19th November 2009 at 12:00 P.M S. Cairns and C. Newson, predict and decide: Aviation, climate change and UK policy, ECI Research Report 33, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford 2006 D. Milmo, Ryanair the world least favorite airline, Guardian 26 October 2006 Center for Asia Pacific Aviation 2009, obtained from http://www.cntreforpacificaviation.com on 15th November 2009 at 2:12 P.M BBC WORL NEWS, fast track, interview with Michael OLeary time 11:55 28th December 2009 Ryanairs marketing mix 2009 obtained from http://www.marketingteacher.com on the 27th of November 2009 at 12:06 P.M. Ryanairs competitive advantage obtained from http://www.slideshare.net/puya455/newanalysis-of-ryanairs on the 27th November 2009 at 1:00 P.M Ryanairs value chain analysis obtained from http://www.peerpapers.com/essays/Ryanair-Value-Chain-Analysis/171123.html?topic

Do young people enjoy life more than older people do?

Some people may think that older people enjoy life more than young people do. However in opinion, young people enjoy life more than older people do. Young people' passion and energy are enough to enjoy life more than older people do. The reasons of it are that they do not have to be responsible for numerous tasks, that they are much more energetic than the elderly, and that they can get familiar with new technologies even faster than old people. First of all, young people do not have much responsibility compare to older people.For example, older people have responsibility to take care of their children, to earn money, to complete their work, etc. These responsibilities make them limited to enjoy their life. Moreover, whenever they try to do something to enjoy life they prefer their children's favor first, like to travel where, to choose which movie, to come together with my friends and their mother. These all make the life less enjoyable thing. On the other hand, young people do not have these responsibilities; they are free to choose from variety of options to do for enjoying their life.They can meet with their own friends, and they can go most recent and famous movie. These show us that young people enjoy their life more than older people do. Additionally, young people have more energy to do anything. In contrast, older people usually suffer from some disabilities by the time is passing. For example, my friend and I have lived in same apartment for about ten years and usually we tried to come together whenever we found some free time. And every time we went different places, and tried new things. Sometimes, our parents were the ones who planned and scheduled the vacation.Unfortunately, they were less powerful and active than we were, which forced our decision for changing according to our parents’ situation. We had great time, and enjoyed of course. However, our parents were sorry to not be able to do everything that they used to do it before. Hence, w e see that by the time our enjoying life terms will change up to our ages. And we think that we should go, try and see as much as we can do while we are still young, otherwise we will not be in proper health condition to do whatever we want.Lastly, young people enjoy life more than older people because of the reality that they can easily follow the technology compare to the older people. And technology is one of the most enjoyable things in our life. For example, we are using social media, kinds of application to be more connected to our friends. The more connection creates more friendship. And the more friendship means more enjoyable life. However, older people can only connect with their friends with traditional method which is only couple friends.As a result of this, young people can more enjoy life than older people. To sum up, there is a huge difference between young and older people to enjoy their life. Of course, the older people can also enjoy their life according to their n ew age. However in some point, they feel that they are not able to do everything they want, and in this manner they feel little boundary surrounding them. They might not feel fully enjoyed life like in their young age. On the other hand, young people can able to enjoy life by being less responsible, more energetic and more following up new things.

Ponzi Scheme

Introduction A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation that pays returns to its investors from their own money or the money paid by subsequent investors, rather than from profit earned by the individual or organization running the operation. Objectives We learn how it started. We learn the key elements in running a Ponzi scheme. We learn how big a Ponzi schemes can get. We learn how a Ponzi scheme falls apart. We learn how to identify and avoid being involved in a Ponzi scheme. Methodology- This topic is from a secondary source. The scheme is named after Charles Ponzi, who became notorious for using the echnique in 1920.Ponzi did not invent the scheme (for example, Charles Dickens' 1844 novel Martin Chuzzlewit and 1857 novel Little Dorrit each described such a scheme), but his operation took in so much money that it was the first to become known throughout the United States. Five Key Elements in running a Ponzi Scheme: 1) The Benefit: A promise that the investment will achi eve an above normal rate of return. The rate of return is often specified. The promised rate of return has to be high enough to be worthwhile to the investor but not so high as to be unbelievable.Madoff, that had a great deal of credibility as he had been in the investment business since 1960. Madoff had also been the chairman of the board of directors of NASDAQ, an American stock exchange. The estimated losses from the Ponzi scheme are in between 34 and 50 billion U. S. dollars. Unravelling / Fallout of a Ponzi scheme -When a Ponzi scheme is not stopped by the authorities, it sooner or later falls apart for one of the following reasons

Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services part 2

Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services part 2 Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services part 2 Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services part 2Essay on Immigrant Minors and Child Protective Services part  1The effects of child protective services on immigrant minors  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The effects of child protective services on immigrant minors are positive. Child protective services agents demonstrate the increased concerns for the immigrant minors’ safety through effective interaction with a â€Å"school-home disciplinary mismatch that may increase the likelihood of contact with child protection† (Acton, 2013, p. 312). According to researchers, â€Å"immigrant parents’ perceptions of child protective services may have important implications for their engagement in public institutions that are central to their children’s well-being†(Acton, 2013, p. 312). Thus, many immigrant parents are concerned about a wide range of issues, which require referring to the police and child protective services. Some of these issues include the lack of effective collective child monitoring networks, as well as the â€Å"threats to their children posed by American values and neighborhood violence† (Acton, 2013, p. 312). Immigrant children arrive to the United States having positive social attitudes toward new environment, schooling and community members, but the negative effects of â€Å"social mirroring† make the life of immigrant children difficult (Lansford et al., 2009). The CPS members are ready to respond to any types of problems immigrant families may face in today’s environment, including the reports concerning the immigrant parents’ maltreating their children.   According to Jennifer E. Lansford and colleagues (2009), â€Å"traditional parenting practices that conflict with the U.S. concepts of maltreatment are likely to affect the parent-child relationship differently than would such practices engaged outside of their natural cultural context† (p. 297) .  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Besides, recent studies suggest that child protective services provide immigrant parents with the useful information and comprehensive educational programs that are directed toward obtaining new socio-cultural awareness (Lansford et al., 2009). The prevention of the problems caused by child abuse and neglect is based on the use of the proper strategies aimed at adaptation of immigrant minors to socio-cultural change. In this case, child protective services provide careful assessment of diversity-related issues in ethnic background of children (Song, 2004). This diversity can be viewed as the major â€Å"source of both strength and a challenge to the development of a more coherent child protective service system that meets all children and all parents† (Song, 2004, p. 247).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, for many immigrant women, child protective services involvement creates the sense of fear. Immigrant women face a variety of barriers, which lead to child abuse or neglect. Child protective services agency helps immigrant women to keep the family together and do not disrupt the lives of their children (Acton, 2013; Lansford et al., 2009). Professionals are aimed at giving a clear explanation of the laws, which forbid child abuse and neglect. Immigrant parents should realize that if they do not stop abusing their children, child protective services agents might take away their children. In this case, immigrant parents who abuse their children might end up in prison. This approach to stop child abuse and neglect is commonly used by the professionals of child protective services (McDaniel Lescher, 2004). Nevertheless, this approach is helpful only in case immigrant parents were unaware of the established laws and regulations on child abuse. These parents do not know the implications of their behavior. Child protective services professionals are ready to explain immigrant parents that it i s wrong to use corporal punishment (Lansford et al., 2009; McDaniel Lescher, 2004).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As immigrant women may express fear of child protective services involvement, the professionals are focused on flexible approaches in their work. They use the proper policies and initiatives to explain immigrant women that child protective service are designed to provide assistance to immigrant women and children who face domestic violence. Immigrant women who try to avoid child protective services are under control (Song, 2004).   Many shelters for abused immigrant women and their children are under control as well, especially if a women makes a decision to return to her abusive partner (McDaniel Lescher, 2004 ). (Child protective services agents should take care of immigrant children who may be abused again (McDaniel Lescher, 2004; Song, 2004). In many cases, it is a complicated issue because immigrant women who make a decision to leave their abusive partners may be taken to a shelter with their children. As a result, many immigrant women prefer to remain in marriage, avoiding the use of shelters and the services of specialized agencies that respond to domestic violence issues (McDaniel Lescher, 2004; Song, 2004).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In general, the professionals of child protective services have a positive impact on immigrant minors. They pay due attention to the development of children from immigrant families, analyzing the results of their parents’ violence and stress level (Klein-Rothschild Brittain, 2004; Lansford, 2009). The professionals are based on several factors in their assessment process, including the duration of the stress, the ways immigrant parents solve the existing problems, the strengths of personality and temperament of a child, and the availability of the sources of support for immigrant children (Klein-Rothschild Brittain, 2004; Song, 2004).   Due to the well-organized system of child protective services, many immigrant minors have psychological support, financial assistance and other forms of protection.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that child protective services are aimed at providing support to immigrant families and children to stop child abuse and neglect. The prevention of child abuse and neglect problems with immigrant minors and their families is focused on adaptation to socio-cultural change through effective assessment of diversity issues that can be explained by ethnic background. Many immigrant parents who abuse their children fear any negative involvement with child protective services, which could lead to losing their children. Immigrant family life is complicated because of poor knowledge of the existing laws and regulations on preventing child abuse and neglect.

History of Jazz essays

History of Jazz essays Improvisational. Creative. Mischievous. Genius. Exciting. Unique. These are all words used to describe one of the most invigorating, influential and provoking genres of our time, Jazz. Jazz evokes human emotion in an array of different ways more so than another genre of the pre-fifties generation of music. Jazz can be upbeat, or sultry, fun or serious. This is due to the fact, that Jazz is the melting pot of elements of Ragtime, Blues, and marching band sounds. All that jazz actually began in the late 19th century down in New Orleans. This new sound that grabbed elements from the Blues and Ragtime, among other influences, and was most notable one of the most unique and intricate forms of music that anyone had ever heard. What made Jazz such a unique and interesting tour de force was its prevalent use of improvisation. This was the first time a genre bent the western musical archetype, and yet strangely it felt completely natural, more so than the premeditated music of the time. In the old formula, a composer wrote a song and the instrumentalists played it exactly as written, but with Jazz a group of musicians used the composed piece as a mere starting point from which to go from. The song could have easily been a popular song of the times, but by the time the group had collaborated they had formed a completely new, fresh and alive piece of music, that usually bore little or no resemblance to the original. An interesting fact too, is that Jazz musicians usually could not sight read, if they could read music at all. Jazz created a vibe that thrilled audiences and thrived with spontaneity. Jazz seemed to capture the very essence of bliss and adventure that was a radical departure from music of that time. Jazz, like most other genres, is the product of the virtuoso African American musicians. Jazz became a fusion of African American and Creole musicians in New Orleans. The first real Jazz musi...

Application statement for leadership program course Personal

Application for leadership program course - Personal Statement Example My level of experience and position has earned me the status of a mentor for medical students and fellow nurses in the emergency department; I hold great pleasure in guiding people this way and helping them to improve their performance. The reputation of being a senior and resourceful employee increased my interest in the Clinical Leadership Program. The field of medicine requires effective team work and mutual support more than any other field since it is a matter of life and death in numerous instances. The clinicians, who do not realize the relevance of team work, cannot provide good quality service to their patients. The presence of team work and mutual support can be expected from any team if they are managed and led by effective leaders. The Clinical Leadership Program bears the necessary aspects that develop a regular clinician into an attentive and organized leader. All clinicians aim to improve the services for patient care but the tools and skills that are taught in the respective program make the person aware about innovative approaches of giving a patient-centric service. As stated earlier, I work in the emergency department and am faced with nerve wrecking instances every day that require coordinated actions and presence of mind. I believe that this program will facilitate the development of my skills to tackle challenging tasks with confidence and lead the team members in a coordinated fashion. It is natural for clinicians to panic at some instances but such professional trainings help the individuals to maintain their focus to improve their decision making abilities and quality of service. I possess skills to comprehend the boundaries and scope of medicine that makes me plan the course of action to be taken to provide quality care to the patient. However, the course of action is judged on the basis of my experience as a nurse. A formal study of the required skills and leadership traits

Jesus & Mohammed Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jesus & Mohammed Paper - Essay Example In a way, both have presented themselves as messengers of God who came to bring message of hope to the world. However, they differ in the way they presented their messages. Jesus came with full authority as the son of God, to win the world on his side as a representative of God. Mohammed came to deliver the news of God on earth and was not representing God. The differences in teachings have resulted to differences between Christianity and Muslims. Life History Jesus Christ and Prophet Mohammed Jesus was born six hundred years before Prophet Mohammed. He was born of a Virgin Mary and had no biological father. He had no family unlike Mohammed who had married several wives (Hafez.et.al, 2000). During the birth of Jesus, the shepherds were visited by an angel. The angel directed them to the place of birth in Bethlehem, where they took presents to him. It was an extraordinary event which brought people from different parts of the world to witness the birth of the spiritual king. His birth was of significance to the human race because he had come to bring salvation to mankind. On the other hand, the birth of Prophet Mohammed brought favor upon his nurse Halima. He was born during a period of famine but his nurse received abundant favor and her harvest was bumpers. Even her animals produced a lot of milk. The visitors who came to see prophet Mohamed received healing (Hafez.et.al, 2000). ... For example, Jesus is said to have healed many sick people, converted water into wine, fed five thousand people with five loaves of bread and two pieces of fish among other wonders. Jesus taught people how to humble themselves and worship God. He recruited his followers and trained them to spread the gospel to the entire world by preaching the salvation of God. Similarly, Prophet Mohammed introduced Islamic religion on earth. He established his followers and taught them the way of Allah. He taught people how to live righteous life according to the doctrines of Allah. Jesus taught his followers to practice kindness, mercy and love as a way of defeating their enemies. He taught his followers to uphold sanctity of life and respect for God through loving their enemies (Hafez.et.al, 2000). He emphasized on the need of forgiveness of sins and tolerance for one another. According to his teachings, Jesus told his followers never to take revenge against those who wrong them. Mohammed taught h is followers to safeguard their religion through whatever means they could. Jesus was son of God, while Mohammed was a representative of Allah. Jesus death was through crucifixion by the Jews who accused him of profaning the name of God by proclaiming to be the son of God (Hafez.et.al, 2000). Though he died and was buried, he resurrected and ascended to heaven and is said to be seated with his father at His throne. As for Mohammed, he died in the presence of Aisha his wife. Impact of Jesus and Mohammed Death on their Religion The death of Mohammed caused great bewilderment among his followers. This is because; there was no prior arrangement on who would take over the leadership after his death. Two factions the Shia and the Sunni